Mitral stenosis complicating rheumatic fever was common in the early decades of the 20th Century and remains common in much of the developing world. In the United States, both acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic mitral stenosis have become increasingly rare. In this exercise, we review the causes of mitral stenosis and focus on the clinical presentation, physical exam, and natural history. Conditions associated with mitral stenosis are discussed.

Note: This course is eligible for ACPE credit.

• To enumerate the common etiologies of mitral stenosis including functional causes and rare causes
• To describe the pathophysiologic parameters associated with mitral stenosis as observed in the cardiac catheterization laboratory
• To correlate the patient’s symptoms of mitral stenosis with parameters typically measured in the cardiac catheterization laboratory