In the modern era, implantable medical devices are increasingly common and many cardiac patients receive pacemakers or implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). These devices can greatly improve symptoms, treat some aspect of congestive heart failure, and can prevent sudden cardiac death in many circumstances. These devices take advantage of the latest advances in computer miniaturization and in software development. Understanding the basic functions and capabilities of these devices in critical for both the cardiologist and for any health care provider involved in the care of such patients.

Note: This course is eligible for ACPE credit.

• To enumerate the common bradycardic rhythms that indicate permanent pacing.
• To describe patients most suited to dual chamber or biventricular pacemakers.
• To identify patients who may be sub-optimal candidates for single chamber, right ventricular pacemakers.